루터 구원을 말하다

루터는 칭의론(오직 믿음으로 의롭다 하심을 얻는다는 교리)을 교회를 서게도 하고 넘어지게도 하는 교리라고 강조하였다. 이 가르침은 기독교 교회 모든 교리의 스승이자 우두머리이며 모든 가르침을 판단하는 기준이기도 하다. 

지은이 : 마틴 루터 

종교개혁자이자 개신교 신학의 아버지인 마르틴 루터는 1483년 11월 10일 독일 아이스레벤에서 광부의 아들로 태어났다. 만스펠트와 아이제나흐에서 학창시절을 보낸 뒤, 1501년 에르푸르트 대학교에 입학하여 1502년과 1505년에 각각 문학사와 문학석사 학위를 받는다. 출세를 열망하던 아버지의 강권으로 법대 박사 과정에 진학하지만, 슈토테른하임에서 만난 뇌우 아래서 수도사가 되기로 서원한다. 곧바로 학업을 중단하고 2주 만에 에르푸르트의 아우구스티누스 수도원에 입회하여, 1507년 사제로 안수받게 된다. 1512년 비텐베르크 대학교에서 신학박사 학위를 받은 이래로 성서학을 가르치며 발견한 ‘칭의’의 진리는 그로 하여금 종교개혁자의 길을 걷게 만든다. 1517년 10월 31일 면죄부 판매에 반대하여 비텐베르크 성채 교회당 정문에 내건 ‘95개조 논제’는 종교개혁을 촉발하는 동시에 중세 시대에 종말을 고하는 신호탄이 된다. 교황의 파문과 보름스 제국의회에서의 추방령(1521년), 농민전쟁(1525년), 수녀원에서 탈출한 카타리나 폰 보라와의 결혼(1525년) 등 1546년 2월 18일 63세의 나이로 고향 아이스레벤에서 숨을 거두기까지 수많은 논쟁과 굴곡의 시기를 거치지만, 교회 공동체를 사랑하는 목회자이자 말씀에 사로잡힌 신학자로서 개신교 신학의 대문을 열게 된다.

독일어 성경번역을 통해 성경의 대중화를 이끌어 표준 독일어 형성에도 공헌한 루터는 활발한 저술 활동으로 교육, 문화, 사회복지, 법, 정치를 아우르는 종교개혁의 이론적 토대와 방향을 제시한다. ‘루터의 3대 논문’으로 꼽히는 『독일 기독교 귀족에게 고함』『교회의 바벨론 포로』『기독교인의 자유』(이상 1520년)가 종교개혁적 성향이 가장 잘 드러난 저술로 꼽히지만, 루터는 자신이 집필한 3천여 권의 책 가운데 『노예의지론』(1525년), 『대교리문답』『소교리문답』(이상 1529년)만을 수작으로 추천한다. 그중 『대교리문답』은 개신교 최초의 교리문답서이자 개신교적 성경 이해가 어떤 것인지를 직접 파악할 수 있는 시금석으로 각 교파 교리문답서의 지침이 된다.

옮긴이 : 권진호 

·공주대학교 역사교육과졸업.

·목원대학교 신학과 및동대학원 신학과 졸업.

·독일Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel 신학박사 학위취득.

·2020년 현재 목원대학교 신학대학 조교수(교회사).

[저서]

·Christus pro nobis. Eine Untersuchung zu Luthers Passions- und Osterpredigten bis zum Jahr 1530. Münster : LIT, 2008.

·『성 어거스틴의 은총론연구』 서울: 기독교문서선교회, 2011.

·『루터에게 설교를 맡겨라』목회와 신학 총서설교 제 10권. 서울: 두란노아카데미, 2011.

·『루터, 겨울에 설교하다』 서울: KMC, 2014. (공저)

[역서]

·빌헬름 게에를링스. 『교부 어거스틴』 서울: 기독교문서선교회, 2013.

·루돌프 마우. 『복음주의 운동과 초기개혁(1521-1532)』천안: 호서대출판부, 2015.

·하인리히 홀체. 『중세전성기의 서방교회』 천안: 호서대출판부, 2015. (공역)

[연구논문]

·“루터의개명의 신학적 의미” 외 다수.

[함께 읽으면 좋은 책]

·『루터를 안다』 논산:대장간, 2019.

·『루터와 기도한다』 논산:대장간, 2019.

I. 종교개혁사상의 핵심 ············································································11

1. 그리스도인이여, 이제 다 함께 즐거워하라 ·············································13

2. 그리스도인의 자유에 관하여 ······································································18

3. 선행에 관하여 ··································································································54

II. 그리스도인의 의 ······················································································83

4. 비텐베르크 라틴어 전집 제1권 서문 ·························································85

5. 세 종류의 의에 관한 설교 ············································································90

6. 두 종류의 의에 관한 설교 ··········································································103

7. (소)갈라디아서 강해 ····················································································121

III. 복음 ················································································································133

8. 쉬펜라인에게 보내는 편지 ······································································135

9. (대)갈라디아서 강해 I: ·············································································141

갈라디아서에 대한 마틴 루터의 해설

10. 슈말칼덴 신조 ····························································································157

IV. 칭의의 본질 ······························································································183

11. 로마서 강해 ·································································································185

12. 로마서 3장 28절에 관한 토론 논제 ······················································201

1) 로마서 3장 28절에 관한 첫 번째 토론 논제 / 203

2) 로마서 3장 28절에 관한 두 번째 토론 논제 / 211

3) 로마서 3장 28절에 관한 세 번째 토론 논제 / 219

4) 로마서 3장 28절에 관한 네 번째 토론 논제 / 223

5) 로마서 3장 28절에 관한 다섯 번째 토론 논제 / 227

V. 믿음과 행위 ································································································231

13. 주입되고 획득된 믿음에 관하여 ···························································233

14. 행위가 은혜를 받는데 기여하는가? ·····················································236

15. 결혼식 예복에 관하여 ··············································································239

16. 칭의하는 믿음에 관하여··········································································241

17. (대)갈라디아서 강해 II:············································································250

행위로 자신의 의를 추구하는 것에 대한 50가지 문제들

VI. 성례 ················································································································255

18. 교회의 바빌론 포로에 관하여 ·······························································257

19. 면죄부와 은혜에 관한 설교 ····································································274

20. 죄 용서에 관하여 ······················································································284